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Syllabus for the year 2009-2010


First Year

1st semester

Theory

Modern Digital Communication Techniques

Module 1:
Deterministic & Random Signal Analysis
Bandpass & Lowpass Signals, Lowpass Equivalent of Bandpass Signals, Energy Considerations, Lowpass Equivalent of a Bandpass System. Vector Space Concepts, Signal Space Concepts, Orthogonal Expansions of Signals, Gram-Schmidt Procedure. Bounds on Tail Probabilities, Limit Theorems for Sum of Random Variables. Complex Random Vectors. WSS Random Process, Cyclostationary Random Process, Proper and Circular Random Process, Markov Chains. Sampling Theorem for Band-limited Random Process, The Karhunen-Loeve Expansion. Banpass and Lowpass Random Processes. [Proakis & Salehi Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9]

Module 2:
Digital Modulation Scheme
Representation of Digitally Modulated Signals, Memoryless Modulation Methods; Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Phase Modulation, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, Multidimensional Signaling. Signaling Schemes With Memory; Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying, Continuous-Phase Modulation. Power Spectrum of Digitally Modulated Signals; Power Spectral Density of a Digitally Modulated Signal With Memory, Power Spectral Density of Linearly Modulated Signals, Power Spectral Density of Digitally Modulated Signals With Finite Memory, Power Spectral Density of Modulated Schemes With a Markov Structure, Power Spectral Density of CPFSK and CPM Signals. [Proakis & Salehi Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5]

Optimum Receivers for AWGN Channels
Waveform and Vector Channel Models; Optimum Detection for a General Vector Channel. Waveform and Vector AWGN Channels; Optimal Detection for the Vector AWGN Channel, Implementation of the Optima Receiver for the AWGN Channels. Optimal Detection and Error Probability for ASK, PAM,PSK AND QAM Signaling. [Proakis & Salehi Sections 4.1-1, 4.2-1,4.2-2, 4.3-1, 4.3-2, 4.3-3]

Carrier and Symbol Synchronization
Signal Parameter Estimation; The Likelyhood Function, Carrier Recovery and Symbol Synchronization in Signal Demodulation. Carrier Phase Estimation; Maximum Likelyhood Carrier Phase Estimation, The Phase-Locked Loop, Effect of Additive Noise in the Phase Estimate. Symbol Timing Estimation; Maximum Likelyhood Timing Estimation. [Proakis & Salehi Sections 5.1-1, 5.1-2, 5.2-1, 5.2-2,5.2-3]

Module 3:
Digital Communication Through Band-Limited Channels
Characterization of Band-Limited Channels. Signal Design for Band-Limited Channels; Design of Band-Limited Signals for No Intersymbol Interference-The Nyquist Criterion, Optimum Maximum-Likelihood Receiver. [Proakis & Salehi Sections 9.1, 9.2-1, 9.3-1]
Multichannel and Multicarrier Systems

Multichannel Digital Communications in AWGN Channels; Binary Signals, M-ary Orthogonal Signals. Multicarrier Communications; Single Carrier verses Multicarrier Modulation, Capacity of a Nonideal Linear Filter Channel, OFDM, Modulation & Demodulation in an OFDM, An FFT Algorithm Implementation of an OFDM System. [Proakis & Salehi Sections 11.1, 11.2-1, 11.2-2, 11.2-3, 11.2-4, 11.2-5]

Spread Spectrum Signals for Digital Communication
Model of Spread spectrum Digital Communication System. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals; Error Rate Performance of the Decoder, Some Applications of DS Spread Spectrum Signals. Frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Signals; Performance of FH Spread Spectrum Signals in an AWGN Channel, A CDMA System Based on FH Spread Spectrum Signals. [Proakis & Salehi Section 12.1]

Text Book
  1. John G. Proakis and Masoud Salehi, Digital Communication, McGraw-Hill, 5th Edition

Reference Books
  1. Simon Haykin, Digital Communication, Willy
  2. Tube & Schilling, Principle of Communication, PHI
 

Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography

Module 1:
Source Coding
Introduction to information theory, uncertainty of information, Information measure, entropy, source coding Theorem, Huffman Coding, runlength encoding, rate distortion function, JPEG and MPEG standards in image compression.

Channel Capacity and Coding
Channel models, Channel Capacity, Channel Coding, Information Capacity Theorem, The Shannon Limit.

Module 2:
Control Coding
Linear Block Codes: Introduction, Basic definition, equivalent codes, parity - check matrix, decoding, syndrome decoding, Perfect Codes, Hamming Codes, Optimal Linear codes.

Cyclic Codes Introduction polynomials, The division Algorithm, Method for generating cyclic codes, Burst Error correction, Fire Codes, Golay Codes, CRC Codes, Circuit implementation.

Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) Introduction, Primitive elements, minimum polynomials, Examples of BCH codes, Decoding of BCH codes, Recd - Solomon codes.

Module 3:
Convolution Codes
Introduction, Tree Codes and Trellis Codes, Polynomial description, The Generating function, Matrix Description, Viterbi Decoding, Distance bounds, Turbo Codes, Turbo Decoding.

Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) Introduction, the concept of coded modulation, Mapping by set Partitioning, Design rules, TCM Decoder.

Coding for Secure Communication, Cryptography Introduction, encryption techniques, Symmetric cryptography, data encryption standard, Asymmetric Algorithm the RSA Algorithm.

Textbooks:
1. Ranjan Bose, Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography, 2nd Edn., Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2008. ISBN-10: 0-07-066901-5, ISBN-13: 978-0-07-066901-7.

Recommended Reading:
  1. R. Avudaiammal, Information Coding Techniques, 2nd Edn., Tat McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. ISBN(10): 0-07-067282-2, ISBN(13): 978-0-067282-6.
  2. J. G. Proakis, Digital Communication, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Publication,.

Telecommunication Switching and Networks

MODULE – I
Introduction
Evolution, simple telephone communication, basis of switching system, telecommunication networks. Electronic space division switching
Stored program control, centralized and distributed SPC, software architecture, application software, enhanced software, two and three stage networks.

Time Division Switching
Basic time division space switching, basic time division time switching, time multiplexed space and time switching, combination switching, three-stage combination switching.

MODULE – II
Traffic Engineering
Network traffic load and parameters, Grade of service, modelling switching systems, incoming traffic, blocking models and loss estimates.

Telephone Networks
Subscriber loop systems, switching hierarchy and routing, transmission plan, transmission systems, signalling techniques

MODULE – III
Data Networks
Data transmission in PSTN, switching techniques, Data communication architecture, link-to-link layers, end-to-end layers, satellite based data networks, LAN, MAN, Fibre optic networks, an overview of data network standards Integrated Service Digital Network, motivation, new services, transmission channels, signalling, service characterization, ISDN standards, broad band ISDN, voice data integration.

Textbooks:
  1. Thiagarajan Viswanathan, Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks by, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
  2. Alberto Leon-Gracia and Indra Widjaja, Communication Networks, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Adaptive Signal Processing

MODULE – I
Adaptive System
Definition and Characteristics, Areas of Application, Example of an Adaptive System, Adaptive Linear Combiner, The Performance Function, Gradient and Minimum Mean-Square Error, Alternative Expression of the Gradient, Decorrelation of Error and Input Components. [Read Widrow: Chapter 1 and 2]

Winer Filter
Linear Optimum Filtering, Principle of Orthogonality, Minimum Mean Square Error, Winer-Hopf Equation, Error Performance Surface. [Read Haykin: Chapter 2.1-2.5]

Linear Prediction
Forward Linear Prediction, Backward Linear Prediction, Properties of Prediction Error Filters. [Read Haykin: Chapter 3.1, 3.2, 3.4]

MODULE – II
Method of Steepest DescentAdaptive Signal Processing
Basic Idea of Steepest-Descent Algorithm, Steepest-Descent Algorithm Applied to Winer Filter, Stability of Steepest-Descent Algorithm, Limitations of Steepest-Descent Algorithm. [Read Haykin: Chapter 4.1 – 4.3, 4.6]

Least-Mean Square Adaptive Filter
Overview, LMS Adaptation Algorithm, Application, Comparison of LMS With Steepest-Descent Algorithm. [Read Haykin: Chapter 5.1 – 5.3, 5.5]

Normalized Least-Mean Square Adaptive Filter
Normalized LMS Filter as the Solution to Constrained Optimization Problem, Stability of the NLMS. [Read Haykin: Chapter 6.1, 6.2]

MODULE – III
Frequency-Domain and Subband Adaptive Filters
Block Adaptive Filters [Read Haykin: Chapter 7.1]

RLS Adaptive Filters
Statement of Linear Least-Square Estimation Problem, Matrix Inversion Lemma, The Exponentially Weighted RLS Algorithm. [Read Haykin: Chapter 8.1, 9.1 – 9.3]

Kalman Filter
Recursive Minimum Mean-Square Estimation For Scalar Random Variable, Kalman Filtering Problem, Initial Conditions, Summary of Kalman Filter. [Read Haykin: Chapter 10.1, 10.2, 10.6, 10.7]

Textbooks:
  1. Bernard Widrow and Samuel D. Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing, Pearson Education.
  2. Simon Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, 4th Edn. Pearson Education.

Satellite Communication System

Module 1:
Satellite Communication Technology
Satellite orbits, Satellite constellation and ISL, orbital parameters, look angle determination, launching procedures. Spacecraft subsystems - Attitude and orbit control, power, TT & C, communication and antennas. Earth station design - Digital transmitter and receiver, antenna and beam steering techniques.

Module 2:
Link Design
Digital satellite link analysis and design for FSS and BSS - link budget and Eb/No calculations. Performance impairments - Noise, interference, propagation effects and frequency considerations.

Module 3:
Access Techniques
FDMA concept- Intermodulation and back off - SPADE system. TDMA concept - Frame and burst structure - Frame acquisition and synchronization - Satellite Switched TDMA system. CDMA concepts - DS and FH System acquisition and Tracking. Audio broadcasting via satellite – World Space Services through Teledesic, LEO system and Glob star.

Textbooks:
  1. Tri T. Ha, Digital Satellite Communication Systems Engineering, McGraw Hill, 1990.
  2. Wilbur L. Pritchard, Henri G. Suyderhoud, and Robert A. Nelson, Satellite Communication System Engineering, 2nd Edn., Pearson Education, New delhi.

Recommended Reading:
  1. Pratt and Bostain, Satellite Communication, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.
  2. M. Richharia, Mobile Satellite Communications – Principles and Trends, Pearson Education, 2003.
  3. Robert.M.Gagliardi, Satellite Communication, CBS Publishers.

Digital Integrated Circuit Design

MODULE – I (11 hours) Introduction, Design Metrics and Manufacturing Process:
A Historical Perspective, Issues in Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Quality Metrics of a Digital Design, Introduction to Manufacturing Process, Manufacturing CMOS Integrated Circuits, Design Rules – The Contract between Designer and Process Engineer, Packaging Integrated Circuits

The Devices:
Introduction, The Diode, The MOS(FET) Transistor, The Wire, Interconnect Parameters – Capacitance, Resistance, and Inductance, Electrical Wire Models, SPICE Wire Models The CMOS Inverters and CMOS Logic Gates – the Static View: Introduction to CMOS Inverter, The Static CMOS Inverter – An Intuitive Perspective, Evaluating the Robustness of the CMOS Inverter, Introduction to Static CMOS Design, Complementary CMOS, Ratioed Logic, Pass-Transistor Logic

CMOS Inverter – the Dynamic View:
Performance of CMOS Inverter: The Dynamic Behavior, Power, Energy, and Energy-Delay, Perspective: Technology Scaling and its Impact on the Inverter Metrics

MODULE – II (11 hours) Dynamic CMOS Logic, Timing Metrics:
Dynamic CMOS Design, CMOS Logic Design Perspectives, Timing Metrics: Timing Metrics for Sequential Circuits, Classification of Memory Elements

Static and Dynamic Sequential Circuits:
Static Latches and Registers, Dynamic Latches and Registers, Alternative Register Styles: Pulse Registers and Sense-Amplifier Based Registers, Pipelining: An Approach to Optimize Sequential Circuits – Latch Vs Register-Based Pipelines and NORA-CMOS – A Logic Style for Pipelined Structures, Nonbistable Sequential Circuits

Coping with Interconnect:
Introduction, Capacitive Parasitics, Resistive Parasitics, Inductive Parasitics, Advanced Interconnect Techniques, Networks-on-a-Chip

Timing Issues in Digital Circuits:
Introduction, Timing Classification of Digital Systems, Synchronous Design – An In-depth Perspective, Self-Timed Circuit Design, Synchronisers and Arbiters, Clock Synthesis and Synchronisation Using a Phase-Locked Loop, Future Directions and Perspectives

MODULE – III (12 hours) Designing Arithmetic Building Blocks:
Introduction, Datapaths in Digital Processor Architecture, The Adder, The Multiplier, The Shifter, Other Arithmetic Operators, Power and Speed Trade-off’s in Datapath Structures, Perspective: Design as a Trade-off

Designing Memory and Array Structures:
Introduction, The Memory Core, Memory Peripheral Circuitry, Memory Reliability and Yield, Power Dissipation in Memories, Case Studies in Memory Design: The PLA, A 4-Mbit SRAM and A 1-Gbit NAND Flash memory, Perspective: Semiconductor Memory Trends and Evolution Validation and Test of Manufactured Circuits: Introduction, Test Procedure, Design for Testability, Test Pattern Generation

Textbooks:
  1. Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, Borivoje Nikolic, Digital Integrated Circuits – A Design Perspective, 2nd edn., Pearson Education, 2003. ISBN: 8178089912.
Recommended Reading:
  1. K. Eshraghian, and N.H.E. Weste, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design – a Systems Perspective, 2nd edn., Addison Wesley, 1993.
  2. Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI Design System – on – Chip Design, 3rd edn., Pearson Education, 2003.
  3. M. Michael Vai, VLSI Design, CRC Press, 2001.
  4. John P. Uyemura, CMOS Logic Circuit Design, Springer (Kluwer Academic Publishers), 2001.
  5. Ken Martin, Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Oxford University Press, 2000.

Mathematics for Communication Engineering

MODULE – I (11 hours)
Introduction and Foundations:
Markov and hidden Markov Models

Vector Spaces and Linear Algebra:
Metric Spaces.Vector Spaces,Norms and Normed vector Spaces,Inner Products and Inner Product Spaces, Induced Norms,The Cauchy- Schwarz Inequality,Orthogonal Sub Spaces, Projections and Orthogonal Projection,Projection Theorem Orthogonalization of Vectors.

Representation and Approximation in Vector Spaces:
The Approximation Problem in Hillbert Space, The Orthogonality Principle, Matrix Representation of Least-Squares Problems, Linear Regression, Least Squares Filtering, Minimum Mean Square Estimation, Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) Filtering, Comparison of Least Squares and minimum Mean Squares.

MODULE – II (11 hours)
Some Important Matrix Factorization:
The Cholesky Factorization, Unitary Matrices and the QR Factorization.

The Singular Value Decomposition:
Theory of the SVD, Matrix Structure from the SVD, Pseudo-inverses and the SVD, Rank – Reducing Approximations: Effective Rank, System Identification Using the SVD.

Introduction to Detection and Estimation, and Mathematical Notation:
Detection and Estimation Theory, Some Notational Conventions, Conditional Expectation, Sufficient Statistics, Exponential Families.

MODULE – III (11 hours)
Detection Theory:
Introduction to hypothesis testing, Neyman-Pearson theory, Neyman Pearson testing with Composite Binary Hypotheses, Bayes Decession Theory, Some M-ary Problems, Maximum–Likelihood Detection.

Estimation Theory:
The Maximum Likelihood principle, ML Esimates and sufficiency, Applications of ML Estimation, Bayes Estimation Theory, Bayes risk.

Textbooks:
  1. Todd K.Moon and Wynn C. Stirling, Mathematical Methods and Algorithms for Signal Processing, Pearson Education.
Recommended Reading:
  1. Probability and Random Processes with Application to Signal Processing, Pearson Education.

Fibre-Optic Components and Devices

MODULE – I (11 hours)
Fibre-Optic Light Sources and Detectors
Brief description on the principle of optical sources,Internal Quantum efficiency of LED,Modulation capability,Power-Bandwidth product, Laser diodes, Laser diode modes, Threshold conditions, Resonant frequencies, Laser diode structures, Single mode lasers, modulation of laser diodes. Brief description on the principle of optical detectors, photodetector noise, Noise sources, Signal-to-Noise ratio, Detector response time, Depletion layer photocurrent, Response time, Avalanche multiplication noise.

MODULE – II (11 hours)
Optical Fibre Connection
Joint loss, Multi mode fibre joints, Singe mode fibre joints, Fibre splices, Fusion splices, Mechanical splices, Multiple splices, Fibre connectors, Cylindrical ferrule connectors, Biconical ferrule connectors, Double eccentric connectors, Duplex fibre connectors, Expanded beam connectors, Fibre couplers, Three port couplers, Four port couplers, Star couplers, WDM couplers.

MODULE – III (12 hours)
Optical Amplification and Integrated Optics
Optical amplifiers, Semiconductor laser amplifiers, Fibre amplifiers, Rare earth doped fibre amplifiers, Raman fibre amplifiers, Brillouin fibre amplifiers, Integrated optics, Integrated optical devices, Beam splitters, Directional couplers, switches, Modulators, Periodic structures for filters and injection lasers, Opto-electronic integration, Optical bistability and digital optics, Optical computation.

Textbooks:
  1. G. Keiser, Optical Fibre Communications, Mc-Graw-Hill.
  2. J.M.Senior, Optical Fibre Communications Principles and Practice, PHI.

Computational Intelligence

Introduction to Soft Computing: Soft computing constituents and conventional Artificial Intelligence, Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing characteristics.

Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning: Introduction, Basic definitions and terminology, Set-theoretic operations, MF Formulation and parameterization, More on fuzzy union, intersection, and complement, Extension principle and fuzzy relations, Fuzzy If-Then rules, Fuzzy reasoning.

Least Square Method for system Identification: System Identification , Basic of matrix manipulations and calculus, Least-square estimator, Geometric interpretation of LSE, Recursive least-square estimator, Recursive LSE for time varying systems, Statistical Properties and maximum likelihood estimator, LSE for nonlinear models. Derivative-based optimization: Descent methods, the method of steepest descent, Newton’s methods, Step size determination, conjugate gradient methods, Analysis of quadratic case, nonlinear least-squares problems, Incorporation of stochastic mechanism. Derivative-free optimization: Genetic algorithm simulated annealing, random search, Downhill simplex search, Swarm Intelligence, genetic programming. Adaptive Networks: Architecture, Back propagation for feed forward networks, Extended back propagation for recurrent networks, Hybrid learning rule: combing steepest descent and LSE.

Supervised learning neural networks: Perceptions, Adaline, Back propagation multi layer perceptions, Radial Basic Function networks. Learning from reinforcement: Failure is the surest path to success, temporal difference learning, the art of dynamic programming, Adaptive heuristic critic, Q-learning, A cost path problem, World modeling, other network configurations, Reinforcement learning by evolutionary computations.

Unsupervised learning and other neural networks: Competitive learning networks, Kohonen self-organizing networks, learning vector quantization, Hebbian learning, principal component networks, and the Hopfield network.

Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference systems: ANFIS architecture, Hybrid learning algorithms, Learning methods that cross-fertilize ANFIS and RBNF, ANFIS as universal approximator, Simulation examples, Extensions and advance topics. Coactive Neuro-fuzzy modeling: towards generalized ANFIS: Framework, Neuro functions for adaptive networks, Neuro-Fuzzy spectrum, Analysis of adaptive learning capability.

Textbooks:
  1. J.S.R. Jng, C.T. Sun and E. Mizutani,”Neuro-fuzzy and Soft Computing”, PHI.
  2. S. Rajasekaran, G.A. Vijaylakshmi Pai,:Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, and Genetic Algorithms,” PHI.

Analogue Integrated Circuit Design

MODULE – I (11 hours)
Introduction:
The MOS Transistor, I-V Characteristics, Equi valent Circuits, Noise
Resistor, Capacitors and Switches:
Integrated Resistors, Integrated Capacitors, Analog Switches, Layout of Switches
Basic Building Blocks:
Inverter with Active Load, Cascode, Cascode with Cascode Load, Source Follower, Threshold Independent Level Shift, Improved Output Stages

MODULE – II (11 hours)
Current and Voltage Sources:
Current Mirrors, Current References, Voltage Biasing, Voltage References
CMOS Operational Amplifiers:
General Issues, Performance Characteristics, Basic Architecture, Two Stages Amplifier, Frequency Response and Compensation, Slew Rate
MODULE – III (12 hours)
Optical Amplification and OTAs
Design of Two Stage OTAs: Guidelines, Single Stage Schemes, Class AB Amplifiers, Fully Differential Op-Amps, Micro-Power OTAs, Noise Analysis, Layout
CMOS Comparators:
Performance Characteristics, General Design Issues, Offset Compensation, Latches

Textbooks:
  1. Franco Maloberti, Analog Design for CMOS VLSI Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. ISBN: 0-7923-7550-5.

Reference Books:
  1. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw-Hill, 2001. ISBN: 0-07-238032-2.
  2. Paul R. Gray, Paul J. Hurst, Stephen H. Lewis, and Robert G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuit, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 4th edn., 2000. ISBN: 0-471-32168-0.
  3. Phillip E. Allen and Douglas R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford University Press, 2nd edn., 2002. ISBN: 0-19-511644-5
  4. Johan H. Huijsing, Operational Amplifiers – Theory and Design, Kluwer. ISBN: 0792372840

Semiconductor Device Modeling and Simulation

MODULE – I (11 hours)
Semiconductor Electronics Review:
Elements of Semiconductor Physics, Physical Operation of a PN Junction, MOS Junction, MS Junction
PN–Junction Diode and Schottky Diode:
DC Current-Voltage Characteristics, Static Model, Large-Signal Model, Small-Signal Model, Schottky Diode and its Implementation in SPICE2, Temperature and Area Effects on the Diode Model Parameters, SPICE3, HSPICE and PSPICE Models
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT):
Transistor Convention and Symbols, Ebers-Moll Static Model, Ebers-Moll Large-Signal Model, Ebers-Moll Small-Signal Model, Gummel-Poon Static Model, Gummel-Poon Large-Signal Model, Gummel-Poon Small-Signal Model, Temperature and Area Effects on the BJT Model Parameters, Power BJT Model, SPICE3, HSPICE and PSPICE Models

MODULE – II (11 hours)
Junction Field-Effect Transistor (JFET):
Static Model, Large-Signal Model and its Implementation in SPICE2, Small-Signal Model and its Implementation in SPICE2, Temperature and Area Effects on the JFET Model Parameters, SPICE3, HSPICE and PSPICE Models
Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistor (MOST):
Structure and Operating Regions of the MOST, LEVEL1 Static Model, LEVEL2 Static Model, LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 Large-Signal Model, LEVEL3 Static Model, LEVEL3 Large-Signal Model, The Effect of Series Resistances, Small-Signal Models, The Effect of Temperature, BSIM1, BSIM2, SPICE3, HSPICE and PSPICE Models

MODULE – III (12 hours)
BJT Parameter Measurements:
Input and Model Parameters, Parameter Measurements
MOST Parameter Measurements:
LEVEL1 Model Parameters, LEVEL2 Model (Long-Channel) Parameters, LEVEL2 Model (Short-Channel) Parameters, LEVEL3 Model Parameters, Measurements of Capacitance, BSIM Model Parameter Extraction
Noise and Distortions:
Noise, Distortion
Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MESFET), Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET) and Semiconductor-Controlled Rectifier (Thyristor):
The MESFET, The ISFET, The Thyristor

Textbooks:
  1. Paolo Antognetti and Giuseppe Massobrio, Semiconductor Device Modeling with SPICE, 2nd edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993, ISBN 0071349553 (paperback) or 007 0024693 (hardback).

Reference Books:
  1. Richard S. Muller, Theodore I. Kamins, and Mansun Chan, Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits, 3rd edn., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2003. ISBN: 0-471-59398-2. Listed as D
  2. H. Craig Casey, Devices for Integrated Circuits: Silicon and III-V Compound Semiconductors, John Wiley, New York, 1999. Listed as DI
  3. Dieter K. Schroder, Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1990. Listed as S

Syllabus for the year 2008-2010


First Year

1st semester

Theory

MEE03 - Advanced Digital Signal Processing

Unit-I
Multirate Digital Signal Processing
Introduction, Decimation by a factor D, Interpolation by a factor I, Sampling rate conversion by rational factor I/D, Filter Design and Implementation for sampling – rate, Multistage implementation of sampling rate conversion, sampling rate conversion of Bandpass signals, Applications for multirate signal processing: design of phase shifters, Implementation of narrowband lowpass filters, Implementation of Digital filter banks.

Unit-II
Linear Prediction and Optimum Linear Filters
Innovations Representation of a stationary random process, Forward and Backward Linear Prediction, Solution of the normal equations, Properties of the linear prediction – error filters, AR Lattice and ARMA lattice – ladder filters, Wiener filters for filtering and Prediction : FIR Wiener Filter, Orthogonality Principle in linear mean – square Estimation.

Unit-III
Power Spectrum Estimation
Estimation of spectra from finite – duration observations of signals, Nonparametric methods for power spectrum estimation: Barlett method, Blackman and Tukey method, Parametric method for power spectrum estimation: Yule – Walker method, Burg method, MA model and ARMA model.

Unit-IV
Higher Order Statics (HOS)
Moments, Cumulants, Blind parameter and Order estimation of MA & ARMA Systems – Application of Higher Order Statistics.

Unit-V
Filter Bank and Subband Filters and its applications.

Unit-VI
Adaptive Signal Processing
Least mean square algorithm, Recursive least square algorithm, variants of LMS algorithms: SLMS, NLM, FXLMS. Adaptive FIR & IIR filters, Applications of adaptive signal processing: System Identification, Channel equalization, adaptive nose cancellation, adaptive line enhancer.

Text Books :
  1. Digital Signal Processing, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, J. G. Proakis and D. G. Manolakis.
  2. Adaptive Signal Processing, B. Widrow and Stern
  3. Digital Signal Processing, Oppenheim and Schafer
 

MPE02 - Information Theory and Coding Techniques

Unit-I
Source Coding
Introduction to information theory, uncertainty of information, Information measure, entropy, source coding Theorem, Huffman Coding, runlength encoding, rate distortion function, JPEG and MPEG standards in image compression.

Unit-II
Channel Capacity and Coding
Channel models, Channel Capacity, Channel Coding, Information Capacity Theorem, The Shannon Limit.

Unit-III
Error Control Coding
Linear Block Codes: Introduction, Basic Definition, Equivalent codes, parity – check matrix, decoding, syndrome decoding, Perfect Codes, Hamming Codes, Optimal Linear codes.

Unit-IV
Cyclic Codes
Introduction polynomials, The division Algorithm, Method for generating cyclic codes, Burst Error correction, Fire Codes, Golay Codes, CRC Codes, Circuit implementation.

Unit-V
Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH)
Introduction, Primitive elements, minimum polynomial, Examples of BCH codes, Decoding of BCH codes, Recd – Solomon codes.

Unit-VI
Conolution Codes
Introduction, Tree Codes and Trellis Codes, Polynomial description, The Generating Function, Matrix Description, Viterbi Decoding, Distance bounds, Turbo Codes, Turbo Decoding.

Unit-VII
Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM)
Introduction, the concept of coded modulation, Mapping by set Partioning, Design rules, TCM Decoder.

Unit-VIII
Coding for Secure Communication, Cryptography
Introduction, encryption techniques, Symmetric cryptography, data encryption standard, Asymmetric Algorithm the RSA Algorithm.

Text Books:
  1. Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography by Ranjan Bose, TMH Publication, 2003.
  2. Principle of Communication Systems, TMH Publication.
  3. Digital Communication, J. G. Proakis, McGraw Hill Publication, 3rd Edition.
 

MPE01 - Modern Digital Communication Techniques

Unit – I
An overview of: Sampling Theorem, PCM, TDM, DPCM, Delta Modulation, ADM, PSK, FSK, DPSK.

Unit – II
QPSK (Transmitter & Receiver), M-ARY, PSK, Minimum Phase Shift Keying MPSK: Signal space representation, generation reception.

Unit – III
Noise in PCM & Delta Modulation.

Unit – IV
Optimum Receiver for the additive white Gaussian noise channel Optimum receive for signals corrupted by ANGN, Performance of the optimum receiver for memoryless modulation.

Unit – V
Carrier & Symbol Synchronization Signal parameter estimation, career phase estimation, Symbol timing estimation.

Unit – VI
Communication through Band – Limited Linear Filter Channels Optimum receiver for channels with ISI and AWGN, Linear equalization, Decision – Feedback Equalization, Adaptive linear Equalizer, Adaptive decision – feedback equalizer.

Unit – VII
Multichannel and Multicarrier System Multichannel Digital Communication in AWGN Channels, Multicarrier Communication.

Unit – VIII
Spread Spectrum Signals for Digital Communication Model of spread spectrum Digital Communication System, Direct sequence spread spectrum signals, Frequency – Hopped spread spectrum signals.

Text Books:
  1. Principles of Communication Systems, Taulbs & Shceling, TMH Publication. (for Units – 1, 2, 3 & 8)
  2. Digital Communications, J. G. Proakis, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Publication. (for Units – 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
 

MEE02 - VLSI Design

Unit – I
Introduction to VLSI Design Methodologies, Full Custom Design, Semi Custom Design & Programmable Design Flow, Design Entry, Synthesis, Floor planning, Place & Route, Timing Analysis, Front – end design and Backend design.

Advanced Systems and Techniques
Wavelength division multiplexing, local area networks, optical fiber bus, ring topology, star architectures, Foil-safe fiber optic nodes; optical amplifier, basic applications, optical amplifier gain, amplifier noise figure, optical bandwidth; photonic switching, mechanical switches, Integrated – Optical, Optical switches.

Unit – II
Front End design
Introduction to high level design, Hardware description language. VHDL: Introduction, Behavioral Modeling, sequential processing, Data types, Sub program & packages, Attributes, Configurations. Synthesis: HDL (RTL description), Constraints, Technology Library, Synthesis: translation, Boolean Optimization, Flattening, Factoring, Mapping gates.
High level design flow.
Synthesis tools: Synopsys

Unit – III
Backend Design
Introduction to low level Design.
MOS Structure: Band Diagram, NMOS, PMOS, CMOS digital logic gates Inverters,
Digital Design: Static Logic, Switch logic & dynamic logic design styles.
Analog Design: Differential Amplifiers, Current Mirrors, design of operational amplifiers.
Introduction to SPICE (T-Spice) for circuit simulation VLSI Technology.

Unit – IV
Fabrication Process (NMOS & CMOS)
Wafer Preparation, Oxidation, Photo & Ion Lithography, Eatching, Diffusion, Ion implantation, Metalization.

Unit – V
Layout Design
Stick diagram and Layout of Digital circuits, introduction to Layout generation tools. (VLSI Software : Tanner L – Edit), CIF & GDS – II formats.

Unit – VI
Design to Telecom Chips
Introduction to VLSI Design of modulators, Demodulators, Transiver Ics, Coder & decoders. Companies Involved in communication chip design.

Text Books:
  1. Application specific Integrated Circuits by Smith (for Unit – I)
  2. VHDL by Douglas Perry, TMH Publication (for Unit – II)
  3. VLSI Design & Techniques, Puknell & Eshraghian, PHI, (For Unit III and Unit – V)
  4. VLSI Technology, S. M. Size, McGraw Hill (for Unit – IV)
  5. Resources from Internet: www.ti.com
 

MPC03 - Project Management

  1. Project Feasibility Analysis: Technical feasibility, commercial and financial viability, Environment Analysis.
  2. Project Engineering: Project Management Techniques: PERT, CPM, Project Scheduling Crashing, PERT /COST, LOB.
  3. Projects Financing alternatives, Sources of finance, their advantages, Choice of Financing mix, Capital budgeting.
  4. Costing: Fixed and variable cost. Break even analysis, Overhead allocation Techniques.
  5. Project Organization, Management and Control: Project organization and control staffing, monitoring: cost, time and control and progress monitoring techniques.
  6. Product and service pricing: Availability and quality based pricing for services.
  7. Capacity planning and expansion, capacity decision considering and models.

Text Books:
  1. Prasanna Chandra: Project Engineering and Management, Prentice Hall
  2. Levy and Weist: Management guide to PERT/CPM, Prentice Hall.
 

Practicals

MEL03 - Design and Simulation Laboratory

  1. Simulation of various codes
  2. Simulation of Adaptive System Identification (All zero types)
  3. Simulation of Adaptive Filtering of sine wave extraction from mixed harmonies and………..)
  4. SPICE simulation of inverters (N-MOS, P-MOS and C-MOS)
  5. SPICE simulation of Digital System (Static, Switch logic and dynamic types)
  6. VHDL Simulation of Digital Circuits (Multiplexers ALU and N-Bit adder)
 

MEL02 - Telecommunication System Engineering Laboratory

  1. Simulation of White Uniform noise, Gausian Noise, Coloured noise.
  2. Simulation of Tap Delay Digital Filters.
  3. Simulation of Adaptive Filters (LMS based)
  4. Simulation of Adaptive Channel Equalization – Learning Curves and Bit Error.
  5. Simulation of Data Compression using DCT.
  6. Simulation of PCM and TDM.
  7. Simulation of PSK and DPSK Signal.
  8. Experiments on Digital Communication Trainers.
 
      SEMINAR - Seminar - 1

2nd Semester

Theory

ET02 - Embedded System

Unit-I
Introduction
An Embedded system, Processor in the system, Other hardware units, Software embedded into a system, Exemplary embedded systems, Embedded System-on-chip (SOC) and in VLSI circuit.

Unit-II
Devices and Device Drivers
I/O Devices, Timer and counting devices, Serial communication using the ‘I2C’, ‘CAN’ and advanced I/o buses between the networked multiple devices, Host system or computer parallel communication between the networked I/O multiple devices using the ISA, PCI, PCI-X and advanced buses, Device drivers, Parallel port device drivers in a system, serial port device drivers in a system, Interrupt servicing (Handling) mechanism.

Unit-III
Software and Programming Concept
Processor selection for an embedded system, Memory selection for an embedded system, Embedded programming in C++, Embedded programming in Java, Unified Modeling Language (UML), Multiple Processes and application, Problem of sharing data by multiple tasks and routines, Inter process communication.

Unit-IV
Real Time Operating System
Operating system services, I/O subsystems, Network operating systems, Real – Time and embedded system operating systems, Need of a well tested and debugged Real – Time Operating System (RTOS), Introduction mC/OS-II.
Case Studies of Programming with RTOS
Case study of an embedded system for a smart card.

Unit-V
Hardware and Software Co-design

Unit-VI
Adaptive Signal Processing
Embedded system project management, Embedded system design and codesign issues in system development process, Design cycle in the development phase for an embedded system, Use of software tools for development fo an embedded system, Issues in embedded system design.

Reference Books:
  1. Embedded Systems-Architecture, Programming and Design – Raj Kamal,TMH New Delhi.
  2. Hardware Software Co-design of Embedded Systems – Ralf Niemann, Kluwer Academic.
  3. Design Principles of Distributed Embedded Applications – Hermann Kopetz, Kluwer Academic.
  4. Embedded Real – Time Systems Programming – Sriram V. Iyer and Pankaj Gupta, TMH.
 

CS03 - Internet Technology

Unit-I
TCP/IP
TCP/IP Overview, TCP/IP and Internet, Layers of TCP/IP, Network Layer: Addressing, concepts of ARP, RARP, ICMP, IGMP. Transport Layer: UDP & TCP, Application Layer: Client server model, BOOTP, DHCP, DNS, TELNET, FTP, SMTP model, HTTP, idea of WWW and CGI.

Unit-II
Web Design
HTML and Tags, Image, color and background, Image map, style sheet, table, frame, creating hyperlinks and anchors, text formatting tags, Designing forms ad controls, DHTML, DHTML object model.

Unit-III
Java Script and XML
Java script, programming overview, detailed of language, server side and client side scripting, example of simple email program, Introduction to XML, XML documents syntax, document type decimation, example XML technology.

Unit-IV
Core JAVA
JAVA fundamentals, overview of JAVA operators, control statements, introducing classes, inheritance, exception handling, AWT, working with window graphics and text, AWT controls, Layout manager.

Unit-V
Advanced JAVA
Introducing threading, advantages, Multi-threading, JAVA and networking, TCP/IP client sockets, Whois, URL, Server sockets, Overview of a cahing Proxy HTTP server.

Unit-VI
Applets and JDBC
Introducing Applets, Architecture of an applet, skeleton, HTML APPLET tag, Event Handling, JDBC, Connecting to a database, transactions and executing SQL query, JDBC interface, Callable ad prepared statements, Introduction to swing.

Unit-VII
Network Security
Network security basics and needs, cryptography, encryption and decryption, Ciphertext, types of cryptography: symmetric and asymmetric, RSA algorithm, Digital Signature, Organizational security issues and firewall architecture.

Text Books:
  1. Data communication and Networking, Forouzan.
  2. HTML and DHTML, Laura Leray, SAMS, Techmedia.
  3. Complete Reference JAVA, Naughton Schildt.
  4. Web Technologies, Achyut S Godbole and Atul Kahate.
 

ET03 - Mobile Communication

Unit – I
Introduction
Evolution, Mobile radio standards, examples: Paging systems, cordless telephone systems, cellular telephone systems, comparison of common wireless communication systems, Third generation wire less networks.

Unit – II
The Cellular System Design
Introduction, frequency reuse, channel assignment, Hand off mechanism, interface and system capacity, trunking and grade of service, cell splitting, sectoring, repeaters. Cell site antennas, mobile antennas Data links, available frequencies, link design and diversity requirement.

Unit – III
Mobile Radio Propagation
(a) Large – scale path loss:
Outdoor propagation model
(i) O Kumura model
(ii) Hata Model
Indoor propagation model: Attenuation factor model
(b) Small scale fading and multi path:
Small scale multi path propagation, parameters of mobile multi path channels, Fading effects due to multi path time delay spread and due to Doppler spread, clark and Gans fading model.

Unit – IV
Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio
QPSK, Constant envelope modulation, MFSK, OFDM, DS and FH spread spectrum techniques. Frequency Management and channel Assignment Frequency management, set up channels, channel assignment and algorithms, traffic and channel assignment.

Module – V
Equalization, Diversity and Channel Coding
Fundamentals of equalization, training, linear and non linear equalizers, IMS and Zero forcing algorithms, diversity techniques, RAKE receivers, fundamental of channel coding, Reed-Solomon codes, Turbo and Trellis codes.

Unit – VI
Multiple Access Techniques
FDMA, TDMA, FHMA, CDMA and SDMA, capacity of CDMA and SDMA.

Text Books:
  1. Wire less Communication: Principle and Practice, - T.S. Rapport, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education.
  2. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, - William Y. C. Lee, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill International Editions.
  3. Wireless and Personal Communication systems, - V. K. Garg and J. E. Wilkes, Prentice Hall.
 

ET05 - Telecommunication Switching and Networks

Unit – I
Introduction
Evolution, simple telephone communication, basis of switching system, telecommunication networks, an overview of StrowGear and Crossbar switching.

Unit – II
Electronic space division switching
Stored program control centralized and distributed SPC, software architecture, application software, enhanced software, two and three stage networks.

Unit – III
Time Division Switching
Basic time division space switching, basic time division time switching, time multiplexed space and time switching, combination switching, three-stage combination switching.

Unit – IV
Traffic engineering
Network traffic load and parameters, Grade of service, modeling switching systems, incoming traffic, blocking models and loss estimates.

Unit – V
Telephone Networks
Subscriber loop systems, switching hierarchy and routing, transmission plan, transmission systems, signaling techniques

Unit – VI
Data Networks
Data transmission in PSTN, switching techniques, Data communication architecture, link-to-link layers, end-to-end layers, satellite based data networks, LAN, MAN, Fiber optic networks, an overview of data network standards.
Integrated Service Digital Network, motivation, new services, transmission channels, signaling, service characterization, ISDN standards, broad band ISDN, voice data integration.

Text Books:
  1. Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks by Thiagarajan Viswanathan, PHI.
  2. Communication Networks by Leon Gracia and Widjaja, TMH.
 

ET04 - Optical and Satellite Communication System

Unit – I
Coherent optical fiber Communication
Classification of Coherent systems, fundamental concepts, homodyne detection, heterodyne detection; requirement of semiconductor lasers, source line widths, wavelength tuning; modulation techniques, direct detection OOK, OOK homodyne systems, PSK homodyne system, heterodyne detection scheme, performance improvement with coding.

Unit – II
Advanced Systems and Techniques
Wavelength division multiplexing, local area networks, optical fiber bus, ring topology, star architectures, Foil-safe fiber optic nodes; optical amplifier, basic applications, optical amplifier gain, amplifier noise figure, optical bandwidth; photonic switching, mechanical switches, Integrated – Optical, Optical switches.

Unit – III
Satellite Communication Systems
Introduction: Origin and history of satellite communication, overview of satellite system Engineering Orbital Aspects of Satellite Communication Kepler’s laws of motion, orbital mechanics, look angle determination, orbital effects in communication system performance.

Unit – IV
Satellite Link Design
Introduction to basics of transmission theory, system noise temperature and GIT ratio, Uplink and Downlink design, design of satellite links for specified (C/N).


Practicals
      CVV - Comprehensive Viva-Voce-II
      SEM - Seminar - II

ET07 - Wireless & Fibre Optics Communication Laboratory

A. Wireless Communication (Any Four)
  1. Simulation of large scale path loss
  2. Simulation of small scale fading and multi-path (Any one model)
  3. Simulation of QPSK transmitter and receiver
  4. Simulation of DS spread spectrum transmitter and receiver
  5. Simulation of channel Equalizer for mobile channel
  6. Simulation of Read-Solomon or Turbo and Trellis codes
B. Fiber Optic (Any Four)
  1. Fiber to Fiber Coupling Loss
  2. Measurement of Connector Loss
  3. Fiber bending Loss
  4. Fiber Optic Analog Link
  5. Fiber Optic digital link
  6. Intensity modulated fiber pressure sensor.