ELE – 901 POWER SYSTEMS - II

Fundamentals of Power System: Concepts of real and reactive powers, complex power, per-unit representation of power system, Transmission capacity, load characteristics, real power balance and its effect on system frequency, load frequency mechanism, reactive power, balance and its effect, on-load tap changing transformer and regulating transformer.

Power Circle diagram: Receiving and sending end poer circle diagram, universal power circle diagram, and use of power circle diagram.

Load flow analysis: Static load flow equation for a low-bus system, characteristics of a load flow equation, generalization to n-bus system, Gauss-Siedel and Newton-Raphson method of solution of load flow equations for 2 bus and 3 bus system.

Load frequency control: Automatic voltage, regulator, exciter modeling, generator modeling and static performances of AVR loop, automatic load frequency, control of single area systems, speed governing system, hydraulic valve actuator, turbine generator response, static performance of speed governor, closing the ALFC loop, Concept of control area static response of primary ALFC loop, dynamic response of ALFC loop, ALFC for multi-control area system, the two area system, modeling of the tie-line block diagram representation of two area system, static response of two area system, dynamic response of two area system, dynamic response of two area system tie-line bias control, tie-line bias control of two area system, static response, steady state instabilities.

Economic operation of power systems: Distribution of load between units within a plant, transmission loss as function of plant generation, calculation of loss-coefficient, distribution of loads between plants with special reference to steam and hydel plants, automatic load dispatching.

Power system stability: Steady state stability, transient stability, swing equation, equal area criteria for stability methods of improvement of transient stability.

TEXTBOOK:

1. Elements of Power System analysis by W.D.Stevenson

2. An Introduction to Electric Energy System Theory by O. I. Elgere

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